Outboard motor starter



Nov. 21, 1950 G. w. MARTIN OUTBOARD MOTOR STARTER 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed001;. l, 1945 A/VENTOE GEORGE W/MAETIN @u 141 ATTORNEYS Nov. 21, 1950 G.w. MARTIN OUTBOARD MOTOR STARTER 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Oct. 1, 1945//VVENTOE 650E615 WM/I/ET/N ATToRNEY Nov. 21, 1950 Filed 001:. l. 1945G. W. MARTIN OUTBOARD MOTOR STARTER 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 24 45 23 H-Jv 2///VVENTOE 36 650/865 WM/IIE'T/N \B J @MQIGZUD M flTv-oRNsw s PatentedNov. 21, 1950 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE OUTBOARD MOTOR STARTER GeorgeW. Martin, Eau Claire, Wis.

Application October 1, 1945, Serial No. 619,638

This invention relates to new and useful improvements in starters foroutboard motors, and more particularly to such motors of the typecommonly known as mechanical, wherein the usual starter rope is notseparated from the starter mechanism or motor when pulled to start themotor.

There are now in commercial use two types of outboard motor starters.One consists simply of a short length of rope which must be manuallywound about a drum fastened to the flywheel each time the motor is to bestarted. A pull is then exerted on the rope to rotate the flywheel andstart the engine, and each time the rope is so pulled it is completelydetached from the drum and engine. Some engines, if not in properadjustment or condition, may require the rope be applied thereto severaltimes before the engine will start, resulting in delayed starting,which, in some cases, may be serious. Then, too, because the rope isusually detached from the engine it may readily become mislaid or lostand when this occurs, the engine cannot be started until another pieceof rope has been obtained.

The other type of starter comprises, usually, a drum and a ratchetmechanism which is associated with the engine flywheel and ismadeoperable to rotate the flywheel, when a pull is exerted on a ropenormally having one end inseparably secured to the drum of the ratchetmechanism. When a pull is exerted on the rope, the drum is rotated andwinds up a spring, which, when the rope is released following an attemptto start the motor, immediately restores the rope to its normal ororiginal starting position upon the drum, ready for the next startingoperation.

With this type of starter a motor may be quickly cranked or started atany time by merely exerting an outward pull on the rope, as the rope isalways in readiness for starting. This latter type of starter thusprovides a much more convenient means for starting an outboard motor inthat the rope is always in position to be grasped and manipulated torotate the flywheel, whenever necessary. iii-l Mechanical starters foroutboard motors, such as are now in common use, usually have two or morepawls which are mounted on the engine flywheel, and are biased intoengaged position by light springs. The pawls are so formed that when theflywheel rotates at any speed above a predetermined minimum, centrifugalforce acts to overcome the spring bias and thereby moves the pawls intodisengaged positions. With this type of starter, the pawls always tendto move 11 Claims. (Cl. 123179) into engaged positions when the motor isnot running. Thus when the rope is released, and the spring rewinds thedrum, the pawls click into the ratchet notches as the drum rotates,resulting in noise. More important, should the motor backfire at lowspeed or when being started, the pawls may engage the ratchet at themoment the motor reverses its direction of rotation, which may causeserious damage to some of the starter parts.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide animproved starter for outboard motors which is so constructed that themovement of the driving pawls is not dependent upon any condition ormotion of the motor, but depends entirely upon the starter rope beingpulled.

A further object is to provide a mechanical starter for outboard motorscomprising a plurality of pawls which, when in normal non-startingpositions, are completely disengaged from all moving parts of the motor,and hence, when the starter rope is released after exerting a pullthereon to start the motor, the pawls cannot drop into the ratchetnotches provided on the drum secured on the flywheel, therebyeliminating the objectionable clicking noise usually resulting in motorstarters of this type wherein the starting pawls are carried by theflywheel.

A further object is to provide an improved starter which is simple andinexpensive in construction and is so designed that many of the variousparts thereof may readily be stamped from sheet stock.

A further object is to provide an outboard motor starter comprising asupporting stud having means for mounting it in axial alignment with theengine crank shaft, and upon which stud the ratchet mechanism forstarting the engine is mounted and whereby the ratchet mechanism issupported independently of the engine flywheel and has no physicalconnection therewith when the engine is at rest, or when it is inoperation, the ratchet mechanism being so constructed that itoperatively engages the flywheel only during the period the starter ropeis being pulled to start the engine.

Other objects of the invention reside in the novel manner of supportingthe starter mechanism independently of the engine flywheel; in theprovision of a single supporting stud for supporting all of the starterparts in operative relation to one another and to the ratchet drum ormember secured to the flywheel; in the novel construction of the pawloperating mechanism whereby the pawls are moved into or out of drivingengagement with the ratchet by relative movement of the starter drumwith respect to the pawl retaining member, and whereby the pawls are notdependent upon springs for moving them into one position or the other;in the construction of such a starter wherein friction is utilized tocontrol the action of the driving pawls; and in the provision of a motorstarter mechanism which is supported upon the cover plate of the enginehousing, whereby the starter mechanism may be removed from the motor asa unit, by the simple removal of the engine housing cover plate.

Other ob ects of the invention will appear from the followingdescription and the accompanying drawings and will be pointed out in theannexed claims.

In the accompanying drawings there has been disclosed a structuredesigned to carry out the various objects of the invention, but it is tobe understood that the invention is not confined to the exact featuresshown, as various changes may be made within the scope of the claimswhich follow.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a side elevation of an engine showing my improved starterapplied thereto;

Figure 2 is a sectional elevation on the line 2-2 of Figure 3;

Figure 3 is a sectional plan view on the line 3-3 of Figure 2;

Figure 4 is a sectional plan view on the line 4-4 of Figure 2; and

Figure 5 is a sectional elevation on the line 5-5 of Figure 4, with theparts detached from one another to more clearly illustrate theconstructions thereof.

In the selected embodiment of the invention herein disclosed, there isillustrated in Figure 1, for purposes of disclosure, a portion of anoutboard motor comprising a swivel bracket 2 for securing the motor tothe transom 3 of a boat, and which provides the means for detachablysecuring the motor, generally designated by the numeral 4, to the boat.

The motor is shown comprising a gas tank 5 provided with a centralopening 6 for accommodating the usual engine flywheel l, mounted uponthe upper tapered end portion 8 of the engine crank shaft 3, and securedthereto by a suitable key, not shown in the drawings, and a lock nut Itreceived in threaded engagement with the uppermost end ii of the crankshaft.

An important feature of the present invention resides in the mechanismprovided for cranking or initially rotating the flywheel each time themotor is to be started. The starter mechanism is shown comprising aflanged drum member, generally designated by the numeral [2 shown havingits central portion l3 seated upon the upper raised portion id of theflywheel and secured thereto by a plurality of screws i5.

When the flywheel is provided with a raised central portion M, as hereinshown, the drum member I2 preferably has its central wall portion 53upwardly oifset from the wall portion it, as shown in Figure 2, wherebythe lower portion of the periphery of the member I2 will be disposed inclose relation to the upper face ll of the flywheel, thereby to preventa starter rope from wedging between the wall portion It and the upperface of the flywheel II, should an emergency develop which wouldnecessitate applying a starter rope directly to the drum member [2 tostart the motor. The cylindrical wall portion [8 wheel providing, ineffect, a flange for the lower side of the drum. The upper peripheralportion of the member I2 is shown formed with a radially disposed flangeI9 which cooperates with the upper face of the flywheel to provide anannular rope-receiving groove 28. Rope-receiving slots 75 are providedin the periphery of the fiange i9, whereby the end of a conventionalstarter rope may be attached thereto, should it become necessary, as inthe event the mechanical starter should fail.

The starter mechanism comprises a shouldered supporting stud generallydesignated by the numeral 2 I, and best shown in Figure 5. This stud, itwill be noted, comprises a lower annular flange 22 and two verticallyspaced bearing surfaces 23 and 2d. The stud 2l has an upper reduced endportion 25 adapted to receive a nut 26, whereby the stud may be suitablysecured to a coverplate 21, secured to the gas tank 5 over the engineflywheel. and which thus provides the sole support for the startermechanism, as will be understood by reference to. Figure 2. By thusmounting the stud 23', the starter mechanism may be removed as a unitfrom the motor by simply detaching the coverplate 21' from the gas tank5. The shape and contour of the coverplate 27 is such that when securedto the gas tank 5, it provides a streamlined effect, as clearlyillustrated in Figure 1.

Mounted for relative rotation upon the lower bearing surface 23 of thestud, is a pawl retainer unit, generally designated by the numeral 28,and best shown in Figures. a and 5. The retainer unit comprises upperand lower spaced plates 2% and SI, secured together by suitableshouldered spacing studs 32. The lower plate 29 is in the form of anannular ring having an open center, and the upper plate is. shown formedwith a central bearing portion 33 adapted to seat about the bearingportion 23 of the stud 2|, as shown in Figure 2; The flange 22 at thelower end of the stud limits the downward movement of the pawl retainer28 upon the stud, as will be understood.

Movably supported between the plate members 25 and SE of the pawlretainer 28 are a plurality of pawls 34. These pawls are shown mountedfor pivotal movement upon the spacer studs 32, it being understood thatthe spacing between the shoulders of each such stud is slightly greaterthan the thickness of each pawl, whereby the pawls may freely pivotabout the studs between the plate members 29 and 3|, as willsubsequently be described.

Another important feature of the invention resides in the means providedfor frictionally restraining relative rotation of the pawl retainer 28upon the bearing surface 23 of the supporting stud 2i. Such frictionalmounting of the pawl retainer 28 is important as it controls theshifting of the pawls'34 into and out of driving engagement with aplurality of apertures 35, shown provided in the peripheral wall !8 ofthe drum member [2, each time the starting mechanism is operated. Theapertures35 are clearly shown in Figure 4, and the walls thereof provideabutments for engagement by the pawls 34.

To frictionally retain the pawl retainer 23 against relative rotationupon the stud, a shallow annular groove or recess 35 is shown providedin the bearing surface 23, intermediate its ends. Seated in the recess3'6 is a tortuous-like spring element '31 which, when the pawl retaineris mounted on the stud, as shown in Figure 2, alter nately frictionallyengages the bottom of the recess 36 and the bearing portion 33 of thepawl retainer. The tortuous shape of the spring element 3'! is such thatthe frictional engagement of said element with the pawl retainer 28 andthe stud 2| will tend to prevent the retainer from rotating on the stud2|, and this results in the pawls being engaged and disengaged, as willhereinafter be described.

i In other words, the operation of the novel starter herein disclosed ismore or less dependent upon the frictional relationship between the pawlretainer 28 and the stud 2|, and the spring element 31 adequately servesthis purpose. To prevent the pawls from accidentally engaging the wallsof the apertures 35 in the drum member |2 as a result of motorvibration, a small biasing spring 30 may be interposed between the pawlretainer 28 and a winding drum, generally designated by the numeral 38,and which is next to be described. When such a biasing spring is used,one end thereof is suitably connected to the pawl retainer 28 and itsopposite end to the lower flange d2 of the winding drum 33, as will beunderstood by reference to Figures 2 and 3. The spring 30 constantlyexerts a rotative force on the pawl retainer in a direction to retractthe pawls 34. If the motor vibration is of small magnitude, the biasingspring 3 may be dispensed with.

The winding drum 38, is shown comprising a central wall portion 39provided with vertically spaced flanges 4| and 42, the flange 4| beingshown integrally formed with the central wall 39, and the flange 42being shown independently formed and suitably secured to the wall 39.The drum 38 has a horizontal or central wall portion 43 shown providedwith an integral bearing portion 44 adapted to be rotatably mounted uponthe bearing portion 24 of the supporting stud 2|, as shown in Figure 2.When the pulley 38 is mounted upon the stud, as shown in Figure 2, theannular shoulder 45 of the stud will retain the drum 38 in fixed spacedrelation to the pawl retainer 28, as will be clearly understood. Tominimize weight as much as possible, the flanges 4| and 42 of the drum33 may be provided with suitable apertures 39, as shown in Figure 3.

Secured to the horizontal central wall portion 43 of the drum 38 are aplurality of depending studs 46 which pass through suitable aperturesprovided in the upper plate member 3| of the pawl retainer 28, and intoelongated slots 41 provided in the pawls 34%, as best illustrated inFigures 3 and 4. Thus, when the starter drum 38 is mounted upon the stud2| in the position shown in Figure 2, each stud 46 thereof will extendinto a slot 41 of one of the pawls 34. Thus when the drum 38 isrelatively rotated with reference to the pawl retainer 28, relativepivotal movement is imparted to the pawls, thereby to move them into orout of driving engagement with the drum |2 secured to the flywheel,depending upon the direction of the rotation of the starter drum.

The flanges 4| and 42 cooperate to provide a groove 48 adapted toreceive a suitable starter rope or lanyard 49 which is coiled about thedrum 38 several times, as shown in Figure 3. The inner end of thestarter rope is anchored to the periphery of the cylindrical wallportion 39 of the starter drum by a suitable anchor hook or clip 52,having one end engaging the end wall 53 of a suitable slot or opening 54provided in the periphery of the drum 38. The opposite end of the ropepasses through a guide opening 55 provided in the, housing 21, and has asuitable hand knob 6. or grip 56 secured thereto, whereby the starterrope may be conveniently grasped and a pull exerted thereon to start themotor.

Means are provided for constantly urging the starter drum 38 in adirection to wind the starter rope or lanward thereon, whereby each timea pull is exerted upon the starter rope to start the motor, the starterrope, when released, will immediately be rewound onto the drum 38 to beready for the next starting operation.

To thus automatically rewind the starter rope onto the starter drum,each time it has been unwound, following a pull thereon to start themotor, a suitable flat clock spring 5'! is shown provided within thestarter drum 38. The outer end of the spring 51 is shown formed with ahook 58 which may be conveniently anchored to the opposite wall 59 ofthe slot 54 provided in the periphery of the drum 38.

The inner end of the spring 51 is shown provided with a suitable hook 6|which is anchored in an opening 52 provided in the periphery of acup-shaped spring anchor 63, shown in Figures 2 and 5. The cup-shapedspring anchor 53 has an elongated opening 64 in its upper wall adaptedto receive a correspondingly shaped portion 65 provided on the stud 2|at the base of the reduced threaded portion 25 thereof. Theconfigurations of the portion 65 of the stud and also the shape of theopening 64 in the spring anchor 63 are best shown in Figure 3, whereinit will be noted that when the spring anchor 63 is secured to the stud,as shown in Figure 2, it cannot relatively rotate thereon. The metalthickness of the spring anchor 63 is relatively greater than theshoulder length of the stud portion 65, whereby tightening of the nut 25positively secures the spring anchor in fixed position upon the stud.The knob 56 engaging the coverplate 21 limits rotation of the drum 38 inrope-winding direction.

When mounting the starter upon the motor, it is desirable that thesupporting stud 2| be disposed in concentric relation to the enginecrank shaft 8 in order that the pawls 34 will properly engage the slots35 in the drum member l2. To accomplish this, the upper reduced endportion 25 of the stud 2| is provided with an axial bore 66 terminatingat its lowered end in an enlarged counterbore 61 adapted to receive theupper end of the crank shaft and the lock nut l0 secured thereto, asclearly illustrated in Figure 2.

The bore 65 extends upwardly through the reduced end portion 25 of thestud and is threaded to receive a screw 68.

To axially align the stud 2| with the crank shaft, a centering pin 59,indicated in dotted lines in Figure 2, and having a tapered lowerterminal, is inserted through the bore 86 in the stud until the taperedlower end enters a correspondingly shaped centering recess provided inthe upper end of the crank shaft. The upper reduced end portion 25 ofthe stud, it will be noted, passes through an enlarged opening II in thehousing 21, whereby the stud may be relatively shifted about it in theopening 1| to accurately axially align it with the crank shaft.

When the stud has been axially aligned with the crank shaft, which ispositively assured when the tapered end of the centering pin 69 isfirmly seated on the bottom of the recess in the end of the crank shaft,the clamping nut 26 is tightened against a washer 12, whereupon the studwill be firmly secured to the starter housing 2;! with the. assurance.that. the: starter parts will, be properly aligned with. the enginefiywheel.

Means is also provided for quickly and. conveniently winding the clock:spring 51. to the proper tension, whereby it willquickly rewind, thestarter rope each time it has, been. unwound; from the drum 3.8, as aresultofan. attempt have ing been madev to. start the motor-..

To thus wind the spring 52., the. upperend; of: the stud 2| isv shownrovided with. a screw driv r slot 73- adapted to. receive ascrew driveror other similar instrument, as will be understood, To wind the springthe nut is. loQsened suificientl-y' to p rmit the stud to be. rel tivelyr,o-

tated with respectv to the housing 2-!.-. The stud,

and with. i sprin nchor 6.3., is; hen. r ativ y rot ted in a. counr-clockwi e direction, when. viewed as shown in Figure 3, w-hereupon theinner nd oi th spring i Wo nd bout the pr n anchor. 63 until the prihas. bee su il n yt nsi nedt ine; 1 s. ut s; th ti htened t fi mly seure the suppor in tud. ains r ative rotation in, the starter housin 21-,after wh h smell finishing. cap i i pr fe abl placed over the look nut 2and secured in posia tion on the. housing 21 by the screw 68,, as; willbe clearly unde stood by refe ence t Figure 2:

Operation To start a motor withthe novelstarter herein disclosed, a pullis. exerted onthe starter rope 49' whereupon the winding drum 38 isrotated. As the drum 3& initially starts to rotate, thepinsor studs 45depending therefrom into the slotst? in the pawls will swing the pawlsin a counterclockwise direction, when viewed as shown in Figure 4,thereby to move them into driving engagement with the slots in theperiphery of the member or ring 52, as will be understood" by referenceto Figure 4. Such relative rotation of the pawls about their pivots 32results because of the action of the friction spring 31 which, ashereinbefore stated, tends to resist relative rotation of: the pawlretainer 2 8; Whenthe pawls have thus been rotated into drivingengagement with the slots 35, they are prevented from further rotationas a result of the studs 46 engaging the ends of the slots 5.? remotefrom the-effective ends of the pawls.

When this occurs, a direct driving relationship exists bet-ween the drum38' and the pawl retainer 28, whereupon continued rotation of the drum.willimpart a corresponding motion to the pawl: retainer, and thereforeto'the engine crank shaft, because of the pawls being interlocked ordrivinglyv engaged with the slots 35 in the drum member or ring I2, asshown in Figure 2-.

When the starter rope isreleased; the: rewind spring 51 rotates the drum38in the reverse dilrection, thereb rewinding, the starter rope onto thedrum. When the drum begins to. rotate in: a reverse direction, the studsd5 depending, from the drum 38'into the slots 41 in, the-pawls, willimpart relative rotation to the pawlsaboutf their axes in a clock-Wisedirection, when viewed: as shown in Figure 4, thereby causing; the pawlsto retract or move to their disengaged positions, wherein it will benoted the studsdfi are engaged with; the opposite ends of the slots 35;or the ends thereof nearest to the effective terminals; of the pawls,thereby preventing further relativerotation of thepayvls. The slotsv 4-1in; the pawls and the studs 45 thereforelimit the-relative-rotae tion ofthedrum, 38;. with relation to the pawl. re-

. rewind the starter rope thereon.

8;" tainer 285,. when the; starter operatedto start the engine.

From the above, it will be; apparent that the pawlsv 34 are. necessarilyin. disengaged position. at all times, except. when the starter rope isbeing pulled to. start the engine. This results. in quiet: operation,because. the pawls: cannot. engage. the notches. or slots, 35. in themember or ring 12 when the winding drum 38 is; being rotated to Also,vshould the motor back fire when being started, orwhen running at slowspeed, thestarter pawls. cannot. accidentally engage the slots 35 in thedrmnmenn ber l2-', which. avoids all: dangerof breakage or damage to.the parts, should the motor backfire.v

Under severe conditions of motorvibration, thepawl retainer may creep ortend to relatively rotate with reference to. the winding drum 38, whichmay be sufiicient to cause the pawls to tend to drivingly engage theslots 35 in the pulley" member [2. Such tendency toward engagement ofthe pawlswiththe member 12 isnot serious when themotor is operatingunder-normal conditions, but it may cause considerable noise as a resultof the ends ofthe pawlsriding over the openings or slots 35 provided inthe member 12-. Such creeping or rotating of the pawl retainer may bepositively prevented by the use of the biasing springii'fi, shown inFigures 2 and 3.

From the foregoing, it will be noted that all of' the starter parts,with. the exception of the member [2, are supported directlyv upon. thestud 2 l, which, in turn is mounted in the starter. cover plate 2?; aswill be clear from Figure 2. Thus, the starter mechanism may bconveniently removed from the motor as a. unit. by simply. detaching.the cover. plate 21, whereby. convenient access may be hadv to theflywheel;

The novel starter herein-disclosed is extremely simple and inexpensive.It comprises few parts, and the majority of such. parts are so. designedthat they may readil be stamped. from sheet metal at. extremely low.cost. Themounting of the stud 2! is such that it may readily and quicklybe axially aligned with the crankshaft regardless of the. position ofthe starter housing 27. The stud also provides the sole support for allof thestarter parts, with the eXception of the member 12. It will alsobe noted that the movement of the pawls into and out of drivingengagement with the member l22 is controlled through the. action of thefriction imposed between the stud 2| and pawl retainer 28, which is suchas to at all times accuratelycontrol the movement of the pawls, whenthewinding drum 38 is rotated by manipulation oi the-starter rope;

It will; be apparent to those-skilled in the art that the; embodimentsherein described" may be variously changed and modified without depart.-ing. from the spiritiof the invention, and that" the invention iscapable of. uses and has advantages not herein specifically described;hence it; will'be appreciated that. the herein disclosed:emhodin'ientsare illustrative only, and. that. my invention is. notlimited; thereto.-

1 claim as myinventiom.

1. A starter for outboardmotors;comprising a fixed; supporting stud, adrumrotatively mounted on the stud and having one end of. aarope securedthereto. a. ratchet mechanism: for. operatively connecting. the drum tothe; engine flywheel, in-.- cludingaplurality of'pawls and;a retainingunit for saidrpawls mountedfor relative rotation: on said; stud. amember secured to: the: flywheel adapted to be engaged by said pawls,and means including friction means for effecting the operation of saidpawls, and whereby when a pull is exerted on the rope to start theengine, said pawls will drivingly engage the member on the flywheel, andwhen the rope is released, said pawls will be disengaged from saidmember.

2. A starter for outboard motors comprising a fixed supporting stud, adrum rotatively mounted on the stud having one end of a rope securedthereto, a ratchet mechanism for operatively connecting the drum to theengine flywheel, including a plurality of pawls and a retaining unit forsaid pawls mounted for relative rotation on the stud, a member securedto the flywheel adapted to be engaged by said pawls, friction meansinterposed between the retaining unit and said stud, and means foreffecting movement of said pawls into and out of driving engagement withthe member fixed to the flywheel, when the starter rope is manipulatedto start the engine.

3. In an outboard motor starter comprising a stud and a drum rotatablymounted thereon yieldingly urged in one direction and rotatable in theopposite direction for starting, a retainer rotatably mounted on saidstud, means impressing a drag on said retainer resisting rotationthereof in either direction, a driven member secured. on the motorshaft, clutch elements on said retainer movable into clutchingengagement with said driven member and out of engagement therewith clearthereof, and connections between said drum and said clutch elements andretainer effective for moving said clutch elements into engagement withsaid driven member and then picking up saidretainer for rotation withsaid drum responsive to rotation of the latter in said oppositedirection and for moving said clutch elements clear of said drivenmember and then picking up said retainer for rotation with said drumresponsive to rotation of the latter in said one direction, saidretainer being otherwise free from said drum.

4. In an outboard motor starter comprising a stud and a drum rotatablymounted thereon yieldingly urged in one direction and rotatable in theopposite direction for starting, a pawl retainer rotatably mounted onsaid stud, a driven clutch member secured on the motor shaft, clutchpawls carried by said retainer movable into clutching engagement withsaid driven member, means on said stud providing a drag on said retainerresisting rotation thereof in either direction, and operatingconnections between said drum and said pawls and retainer effective formoving said pawls into clutching engagement with said driven clutchmember and then picking up said retainer for rotation with said drumresponsive to rotation of the latter in said opposite direction and formoving said pawls clear of said driven clutch member and then picking upsaid retainer for rotation with said drum responsive to rotation of thelatter in said one direction, said retainer being otherwise free fromsaid drum.

5, In an outboard motor starter comprising a rotatably mounted drumyieldingly urged in one direction and rotatable in the oppositedirection for starting, a pawl retainer rotatable about the axis of saiddrum, means imposing drag on said retainer resisting rotation thereof ineither direction, a driven clutch member secured on the motor shaftencircling said retainer, pawls carried by said retainer movable outwardthereof to projected position in clutching engagement with said drivenmember and inward to retracted position clear thereof, and operatingconnections between said drum and said pawls and retainer effective forprojecting said pawls and then picking up said retainer for rotationwith said drum responsive to rotating of the latter in said oppositedirection and for retracting said pawls and then picking up saidretainer for rotation with said drum responsive to rotation of thelatter in said one direction, said retainer being otherwise free fromsaid drum.

6. In an outboard motor starter comprising a rotatably mounted drumyieldingly urged in one direction and rotatable in the oppositedirection for starting, a pawl retainer rotatable about the axis of saiddrum, means imposing drag on said retainer resisting rotation thereof ineither direction, a driven clutch member secured on the motor shaftencircling said retainer, pawls carried by said retainer movable outwardthereof to projected position in clutching engagement with said drivenmember and inward to retracted position clear thereof, studs carried bysaid drum extending therefrom into openings in said pawls effective forprojecting and retracting the latter responsive to rotation of said drumin said opposite direction and in said one direction respectively, andmeans supplementary to said pawls for rotating said retainer with saiddrum when said pawls have been projected and retracted.

7. In an outboard motor starter comprising a removable support, amounting stud carried thereby and a winding drum rotatably mounted onsaid stud yieldingly urged in one direction and rotatable in theopposite direction for starting; a pawl retainer rotatably mounted onsaid stud, means carried by said stud contacting said retainer imposingdrag thereon resisting rotation thereof in either direction, a drivenclutch member secured on the motor shaft encircling said. retainer,pawls carried by said retainer movable outward thereof to projectedposition in clutching engagement with said driven member and inward toretracted position clear thereof, and operating connections between saiddrum and said pawls and retainer effective for projecting said pawls andthen picking up said retainer for rotation with said drum responsive torotation of the latter in said opposite direction and for retractingsaid pawls and then picking up said retainer for rotation with said drumresponsive to rotation of the latter in said one direction, saidretainer being otherwise free from said drum.

8. In an outboard motor starter comprising a removable support, amounting stud carried thereby and a winding drum rotatably mounted onsaid stud yieldingly urged in one direction and rotatable in theopposite direction for starting; a pawl retainer rotatably mounted onsaid stud, resilient means confined under compression between said studand said retainer imposing drag on the latter resisting rotation thereofin either direction, a driven clutch member secured on the motor shaftencircling said retainer, pawls carried by said retainer movable outwardthereof to projected position in clutching engagement with said drivenmember and inward to retracted position clear thereof, and operatingconnections between said drum and said pawls and retainer effective forprojecting said pawls and then picking up said retainer for rotationwith said drum responsive to rotation of the latter in said oppositedirection and for retracting said pawls and then picking up saidretainer for rotation with 11 said drum responsive to rotat on of thelatter in said one direction, said retainer being otherwise free fromsaid drum.

9. In a starter for an outboard motor comprisa ing an engine having acrankshaft with a fly wheel secured thereon and a housing enclosing theflywheel provided with a removable cover member; a mounting stud carriedby said cover member, a winding drum rotatable on said stud yieldinglyurged in one direction and rotatable in the opposite direction forstarting, a pawl retainer rotatably mounted on said stud, .a'drivenclutch member secured on said :fiy wheel providing a drum encirclingsaid retainer adapted for reception of a pull rope wound thereon for81119"- gency starting, 'pawls pivoted on said retainer for swingingmovement outward to projected position in clutchin engagement with saidsecond drum and inward to retracted position clear thereof, pin and Slotconnections between said winding drum and said pawls efiective forprojecting and retracting the latter and then establishing drivingconnection between said retainer and'saidwinding drum responsive torotation of the latter in said opposite direction and in said onedirection respectively, and means on said stud imposing drag on saidretainer resisting rotation thereof in either direction, said retainerbeing otherwise free from said winding drum, said cover member and studand the parts carried thereby being removable asa unit to give access tosaid second drum.-

-10, In an outboard motor starter, a mounting stud and a winding drumrotatably mounted on said stud yieldingly urged in one direction and arotatable in'the opposite direction for starting, a pawl retainerrotatably mounted on said stud, means carried by said stud impo ing adrag on said retainer resisting rotation thereof in either direction, adriven clutch member securedon the motorshaft encircling said retainer,clutch pawls pivoted intermediate their ends on said retainer forswinging movement outward to proiectedposition in clutching engagementwith said driven member and inward to retracted position clear thereof,and pin and slot connections between said winding drum'and the innerarms of said pawls effective for projecting and retracting the latterand then picking up said retainer for ro tation with said winding drumresponsive to rotation thereof in said opposite direction and in saidone direction respectively, said retainer being otherwise free from saidwinding drum.

11. In an outboard motor starter comprising a rotatably mounted drumyieldingly urged in one direction and rotatable in the oppositedirection for starting, a retainer rotatable about the axis of saiddrum, means imposing a drag on said retainer resisting rotation thereofin either direction, a driven clutch member secured on the motor shaft,clutch elements carried by said reta'iner movable relative thereto intoclutching engagement with said driven member and to decl'utchingposition clear of said driven member, and operating connections betweensaid drum andretainer and clutch elements effective for moving saidclutch elements into clutching engagement with said driven member andthen picking up said retainer for rotation with said drum responsive torotation of the latter in said opposite direction and for moving saidclutch elements to declutching position and then picking up saidretainer for rotation with said drum responsive torotation of the latterin said one direction.

GEORGE W. MARTIN.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS

